The generally accepted scientific theory for how the universe began is referred to as the Big Bang Theory (not to be confused with the TV show). Very simply, the Big Bang Theory states that our entire universe began about 14 billion years from a single dot that contained all the stuff (matter and energy) that makes up all the stars and planets. The dot was infinitely dense and infinitely small – referred to as a singularity. For some yet unknown reason, that dot suddenly expanded and as it expanded, the particles and energy immediately started arranging themselves into atoms and molecules eventually creating all matter, energy, planets, and stars. At one point there was nothing, then there was everything.
The Big Bang Theory is a relatively new scientific discovery, gaining scientific acceptance between 1949 and 1969. Prior to this, most scientists felt the universe was relatively static and had always existed (it never had a beginning), thus in conflict with the Biblical Creation account. So when science finally accepted the Big Bang Theory, they had to (somewhat reluctantly) agree that at least the first three words of the Bible – “In the beginning” – were correct. Our universe had a beginning.
For the past 50 years or so, many scientists have been working to refine the Big Bang Theory and figure out a few key questions – what triggered it? why is the background radiation (think temperature) of the universe the same in every direction? Why is gravity much stronger than it should be based on how much matter we can detect? Why does the universe appear to be expanding even faster than before (shouldn’t it be slowing down)?
What’s interesting is how science is handling the answers to these four perplexing questions. As I review their responses in this post and the next one, keep a few things in mind. The scientific method has a few key assumptions – one of the essential assumptions is that everything must adhere to scientific laws (such as the laws of physics). So science simply can’t accept something that doesn’t conform to basic laws (like suggesting there is a heavenly being who is not affected by gravity or time). The extension of this assumption is that if something appears to defy scientific laws, it means we just don’t understand how it works yet.
The Trigger
Before the Big Bang, everything was crammed together into a single dot. Even the concept of empty space didn’t really exist yet. And gravitational theory says that large, dense objects have extremely strong gravitational forces that prevent things from leaving them. So, if everything was inside this dot, and the gravity was infinitely strong – what could have triggered an event so powerful that it could overcome the power of infinite gravity? This is a perplexing question. If everything was inside the dot, the bang must have started from the inside (since there is nothing outside the dot). But what mechanism could be responsible for overcoming an infinitely strong gravity – gravity that is so strong that the smallest particles of matter (protons, neutrons, electrons) have collapsed and there is no motion? Why did it start at that particular time? Why not sooner, or later? How long did that dot exist before the Big Bang?
Some scientists speculate that time itself didn’t exist before the Big Bang. Hmm … sounds familiar. I think I read that in a Book written a few thousand years ago. Before God created the universe, time (as we experience it) did not exist. As for the trigger, there are some theories that suggest that something (neither matter nor energy) must have existed outside of the dot in order to have triggered the event. This special something is not bound to the laws of physics as we know them - perhaps a parallel universe existing in a different space-time dimension. Wait a minute – doesn’t this contradict one of the basic assumptions of science that everything must conform to the laws of the universe? Ok, let’s assume the trigger was something that existed outside of the dot that does not conform to the laws of the universe. That opens a nice doorway for me to introduce scientists to Someone who doesn’t conform to the laws of the universe and actually claims to be the Trigger of the created universe.
Inflation
Let’s move on to the next issue with the Big Bang. If the Big Bang was a random, uncontrolled event (ie no Intelligent Being was in charge), then we should expect that the results should be somewhat random also. Think about what happens when things explode in the movies – some particles are brighter than others because they have different temperatures, and there is no set pattern as to why some are hotter than others. So if there was this incredible rapid random expansion of this dot, we should expect that some sections of the aftermath are hotter than others. This is exactly what scientists expected to find / prove to support the Big Bang Theory. They directed their telescopes across the sky and recorded the “temperature” of the universe in different locations.
To measure the temperature of the universe, they actually measure the background microwave radiation. Instead of finding lots of random temperatures, they found very consistent temperatures. In fact, they found identical temperatures in completely opposite directions in space which meant that at some time, those regions must have been close together. But this would mean that the Big Bang was not a sudden event, but one that took a much longer time – perhaps years instead of seconds. But a “slow” Big Bang doesn’t follow the laws of physics – things that go “boom” start fast and then slow down, not the other way around. If it started slowly, the strong gravity should make it slow down even more and perhaps collapse it.
So, when this unexpected result was discovered, scientists needed to refine the Big Bang Theory. They couldn’t explain these results so they added a new step in this process that is referred to as “inflation”. After the initial expansion event, the relatively small universe found a new equilibrium – a somewhat stable state with a uniform temperature. It then “inflated” very quickly and fairly evenly (think of blowing up a balloon) thus explaining the uniform temperatures across the sky. But what would cause the inflation to happen? Scientists don’t have a clue. It doesn’t follow the laws of physics. It must have been something that doesn’t conform to the laws of physics. Hmm…maybe it was this mysterious Someone who triggered the event in the first place?
Next time I will review two more strange things about the Big Bang. Very dark things.
As always, I welcome your comments and questions.
Jac
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